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Affine cipher. The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter. The formula used means that each letter encrypts to one other letter, and back again, meaning the cipher is ...
The major system (also called the phonetic number system, phonetic mnemonic system, or Hérigone's mnemonic system) is a mnemonic technique used to help in memorizing numbers. The system works by converting numbers into consonants, then into words by adding vowels. The system works on the principle that images can be remembered more easily than ...
The VIC cipher can be regarded as the evolutionary pinnacle of the Nihilist cipher family.. The VIC cipher has several important integrated components, including mod 10 chain addition, a lagged Fibonacci generator (a recursive formula used to generate a sequence of pseudorandom digits), a straddling checkerboard, and a disrupted double transposition.
Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...
One-time pad. A format of one-time pad used by the U.S. National Security Agency, code named DIANA. The table on the right is an aid for converting between plaintext and ciphertext using the characters at left as the key. In cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked, but requires the use of a single ...
Hexspeak. Hexspeak is a novelty form of variant English spelling using the hexadecimal digits. Created by programmers as memorable magic numbers, hexspeak words can serve as a clear and unique identifier with which to mark memory or data. Hexadecimal notation represents numbers using the 16 digits 0123456789ABCDEF.
The pigpen cipher uses graphical symbols assigned according to a key similar to the above diagram. [1]The pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) [2] [3] is a geometric simple substitution cipher, which exchanges letters for symbols which are fragments of a grid.
Generate one keystream value for each letter in the message using the keystream algorithm below. Add each keystream value to the corresponding plaintext number, subtracting 26 if the resulting value is greater than 26. (In mathematics this is called modular arithmetic.) Convert the resulting numbers back to letters.