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Adam Smith FRS FRSE FRSA (baptised 16 June [ O.S. 5 June] 1723 [ 1] – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish [ a] economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. [ 3] Seen by some as "The Father of Economics" [ 4] or "The Father of Capitalism", [ 5] he wrote two classic ...
Liberalism. The invisible hand is a metaphor inspired by the Scottish moral philosopher Adam Smith that describes the incentives which free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to act unintentionally in the public interest. Smith originally mentioned the term in two specific, but different, economic examples.
Rational choice theory looks at three concepts: rational actors, self interest and the invisible hand. [4] Rationality can be used as an assumption for the behaviour of individuals in a wide range of contexts outside of economics. It is also used in political science, [5] sociology, [6] and philosophy. [7]
The Theory of Moral Sentiments is a 1759 book by Adam Smith. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It provided the ethical, philosophical, economic, and methodological underpinnings to Smith's later works, including The Wealth of Nations (1776), Essays on Philosophical Subjects (1795), and Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms (1763) (first published in 1896).
Adam Smith focused on the role of enlightened self-interest (the "invisible hand") and the role of specialization in promoting the efficiency of capital accumulation. Ayn Rand defined capitalism as a social system based on the recognition of individual rights, including property rights, in which all property is privately owned, and called it ...
In contrast to enlightened self-interest is simple greed, or the concept of "unenlightened self-interest", in which it is argued that when most or all persons act according to their own myopic selfishness, the group suffers loss as a result of conflict, decreased efficiency and productivity because of lack of cooperation, and the increased expense each individual pays for the protection of ...
Bust of Smith in the Adam Smith Theatre, Kirkcaldy. Five editions of The Wealth of Nations were published during Smith's lifetime: in 1776, 1778, [9] 1784, 1786 and 1789. [10] Numerous editions appeared after Smith's death in 1790. To better understand the evolution of the work under Smith's hand, a team led by Edwin Cannan collated the first ...
Homo economicus. The term Homo economicus, or economic man, is the portrayal of humans as agents who are consistently rational and narrowly self-interested, and who pursue their subjectively defined ends optimally. It is a wordplay on Homo sapiens, used in some economic theories and in pedagogy. [ 1]