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If n is an integer, then n < 0 must imply that n ≤ −1, while n > 0 must imply that the function attains unity at n = 1. Therefore the "step function" exhibits ramp-like behavior over the domain of [−1, 1], and cannot authentically be a step function, using the half-maximum convention. Unlike the continuous case, the definition of H[0] is ...
In number theory, a formula for primes is a formula generating the prime numbers, exactly and without exception. Formulas for calculating primes do exist, however, they are computationally very slow. A number of constraints are known, showing what such a "formula" can and cannot be.
The absolute value in the argument of the arcosh function creates a negative half of its graph, making it identical to the signum logarithmic function shown above. All of these antiderivatives can be derived using integration by parts and the simple derivative forms shown above.
Student's t-test assumes that the sample means being compared for two populations are normally distributed, and that the populations have equal variances.Welch's t-test is designed for unequal population variances, but the assumption of normality is maintained. [1]
Exponential functions with bases 2 and 1/2. The exponential function is a mathematical function denoted by () = or (where the argument x is written as an exponent).Unless otherwise specified, the term generally refers to the positive-valued function of a real variable, although it can be extended to the complex numbers or generalized to other mathematical objects like matrices or Lie algebras.
Euler's product formula for the gamma function, combined with the functional equation and an identity for the Euler–Mascheroni constant, yields the following expression for the digamma function, valid in the complex plane outside the negative integers (Abramowitz and Stegun 6.3.16): [1]
Actuarial notation is a shorthand method to allow actuaries to record mathematical formulas that deal with interest rates and life tables.. Traditional notation uses a halo system, where symbols are placed as superscript or subscript before or after the main letter.
The name of this formula stems from the fact that is the twentieth formula discussed in Kuder and Richardson's seminal paper on test reliability. [1] It is a special case of Cronbach's α, computed for dichotomous scores. [2] [3] It is often claimed that a high KR-20 coefficient (e.g., > 0.90) indicates a homogeneous test. However, like ...
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