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Maximilian Karl Emil Weber ( / ˈveɪbər /; German: [maks ˈveːbɐ]; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sciences more generally. His ideas continue to influence social theory and research .
In sociology, the iron cage is a concept introduced by Max Weber to describe the increased rationalization inherent in social life, particularly in Western capitalist societies. The "iron cage" thus traps individuals in systems based purely on teleological efficiency, rational calculation and control. Weber also described the bureaucratization ...
Modernization theory holds that as societies become more economically modernized, wealthier and more educated, their political institutions become increasingly liberal democratic. [ 1] The "classical" theories of modernization of the 1950s and 1960s, most influentially articulated by Seymour Lipset, [ 1] drew on sociological analyses of Karl ...
Marxian class theory asserts that an individual's position within a class hierarchy is determined by their role in the production process, and argues that political and ideological consciousness is determined by class position. [ 1] A class is those who share common economic interests, are conscious of those interests, and engage in collective ...
Marx himself has been considered a founding father of sociology. The foundational basis of Marxist sociology is the investigation of capitalist stratification . An important concept of Marxist sociology is "a form of conflict theory associated with…Marxism's objective of developing a positive ( empirical ) science of capitalist society as ...
Anthropology. In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals. [ 1] Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally related groups or sets of roles, with different functions, meanings, or purposes.
The base refers to the mode of production which includes the forces and relations of production (e.g. employer–employee work conditions, the technical division of labour, and property relations) into which people enter to produce the necessities and amenities of life. The superstructure refers to society's other relationships and ideas not ...
Karl Marx. Karl Marx ( German: [maʁks]; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His best-known works are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto (with Friedrich Engels) and his three-volume Das Kapital (1867–1894); the ...