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Donabedian model. The Donabedian model is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care. [ 1] According to the model, information about quality of care can be drawn from three categories: “structure,” “process,” and “outcomes." [ 2] Structure describes the context in ...
Health geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care. Medical geography, a sub-discipline of, or sister field of health geography, [ 1] focuses on understanding spatial patterns of health and disease in relation to the natural and social environment. [ 2][ 3 ...
Population health has been defined as "the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group". [ 1] It is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire human population. It has been described as consisting of three components.
GIS and public health. Geographic information systems (GISs) and geographic information science (GIScience) combine computer-mapping capabilities with additional database management and data analysis tools. Commercial GIS systems are very powerful and have touched many applications and industries, including environmental science, urban planning ...
Unwarranted variations in medical practice refer to the differences in care that cannot be explained by the illness/medical need or by patient preferences. The term “unwarranted variations” was first coined by Dr. John Wennberg when he observed small area (geographic) and practice style variations, which were not based on clinical rationale. [5]
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population . It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare.
The health belief model ( HBM) is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. [ 1][ 2] The health belief model also refers to an individual's beliefs about preventing diseases, maintaining health, and striving for well ...
e. Global health is the health of populations in a worldwide context; [ 1] it has been defined as "the area of study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide". [ 2] Problems that transcend national borders or have a global political and economic impact are often ...