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Health geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care. Medical geography, a sub-discipline of, or sister field of health geography, [ 1] focuses on understanding spatial patterns of health and disease in relation to the natural and social environment. [ 2][ 3 ...
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population . It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare.
Donabedian model. The Donabedian model is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care. [ 1] According to the model, information about quality of care can be drawn from three categories: “structure,” “process,” and “outcomes." [ 2] Structure describes the context in ...
GIS and public health. Geographic information systems (GISs) and geographic information science (GIScience) combine computer-mapping capabilities with additional database management and data analysis tools. Commercial GIS systems are very powerful and have touched many applications and industries, including environmental science, urban planning ...
Population health has been defined as "the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group". [ 1] It is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire human population. It has been described as consisting of three components.
Epidemiological transition. Diagram showing sharp birth rate and death rate decreases between Time 1 and Time 4, the congruent increase in population caused by delayed birth rate decreases, and the subsequent re-leveling of population growth by Time 5. In demography and medical geography, epidemiological transition is a theory which "describes ...
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". [ 1][ 2] Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. [ 3]
Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected. Thus, health must be discussed along with all other basic human rights. [ 1] Health equity is defined by the CDC as "the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health". [ 5]