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Learn about the use of medical ultrasound in pregnancy, including types, medical uses, history, safety issues and more. Find out how ultrasound can provide information about the health of the mother, the timing and progress of the pregnancy, and the health and development of the embryo or fetus.
Anomaly scan is a routine prenatal ultrasound performed between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation to assess fetal anatomy, size, and placental health. It can also detect some fetal and maternal conditions, but has variable sensitivity and limitations.
A biophysical profile (BPP) is a scoring system that assesses fetal well-being based on five parameters: fetal heart rate, breathing, movement, tone and amniotic fluid volume. It is often used when a non-stress test (NST) is non reactive or for other obstetrical indications.
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman's uterus. Learn about the signs, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of pregnancy, as well as the terminology and statistics related to it.
A nuchal scan or nuchal translucency scan is a sonographic prenatal screening scan to detect chromosomal abnormalities in a fetus, such as Down syndrome. It measures the thickness of the nuchal translucency, a fluid-filled space at the back of the fetal neck, and combines it with maternal age and blood tests for more accuracy.
Crown-rump length (CRL) is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head to the bottom of the buttocks. It can be used to estimate gestational age, which is the time from the first day of the last menstrual period, but it may vary depending on maternal factors and other parameters.
[114] [115] Testing in both trimesters is sometimes recommended and test results are often combined with ultrasound results. [114] In the second trimester, often two or three tests are used in combination with two or three of: α-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, total hCG, and free βhCG detecting about 60–70% of cases. [115]
Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a measure of amniotic fluid and fetal well-being in pregnancy. An AFI between 8 and 18 cm is considered normal, while lower or higher levels may indicate oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios.