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Octanol-water partition coefficient. The n-octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow is a partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n -octanol and water. [1] Kow is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature. It is also called n-octanol-water partition ratio.
Anoxic waters are areas of sea water, fresh water, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. The US Geological Survey defines anoxic groundwater as those with dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 0.5 milligrams per litre. [1] Anoxic waters can be contrasted with hypoxic waters, which are low (but not lacking) in dissolved oxygen.
Chemical stability. In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system. [1] Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or in chemical equilibrium with its environment. This may be a dynamic equilibrium in which individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number ...
Chemical equilibrium. In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. [1] This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same ...
Reactivity (chemistry) In chemistry, reactivity is the impulse for which a chemical substance undergoes a chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, with an overall release of energy . Reactivity refers to: theories to predict and to account for these processes. The chemical reactivity of a single substance (reactant) covers ...
Water chemistry analysis is often the groundwork of studies of water quality, pollution, hydrology and geothermal waters . Analytical methods routinely used can detect and measure all the natural elements and their inorganic compounds and a very wide range of organic chemical species using methods such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Mass flow (life sciences) In the life sciences, mass flow, also known as mass transfer and bulk flow, is the movement of fluids down a pressure or temperature gradient. [1] As such, mass flow is a subject of study in both fluid dynamics and biology. Examples of mass flow include blood circulation and transport of water in vascular plant tissues.
Human-made surface water is water that can be continued by infrastructures that humans have assembled. This would be dammed artificial lakes, canals and artificial ponds (e.g. garden ponds) or swamps. [3] The surface water held by dams can be used for renewable energy in the form of hydropower. Hydropower is the forcing of surface water sourced ...