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Free cash flow. In financial accounting, free cash flow ( FCF) or free cash flow to firm ( FCFF) is the amount by which a business's operating cash flow exceeds its working capital needs and expenditures on fixed assets (known as capital expenditures ). [1] It is that portion of cash flow that can be extracted from a company and distributed to ...
Working capital. Working capital ( WC) is a financial metric which represents operating liquidity available to a business, organisation, or other entity, including governmental entities. Along with fixed assets such as plant and equipment, working capital is considered a part of operating capital. Gross working capital is equal to current assets.
The original Z-score formula was as follows: [1] Z = 1.2X 1 + 1.4X 2 + 3.3X 3 + 0.6X 4 + 1.0X 5. X 1 = ratio of working capital to total assets. Measures liquid assets in relation to the size of the company. X 2 = ratio of retained earnings to total assets. Measures profitability that reflects the company's age and earning power.
Easy: Working capital is derived from the balance sheet and equals the sum of current assets such as cash and inventory after subtracting current liabilities such as accounts payable and short ...
Return on capital ( ROC ), or return on invested capital ( ROIC ), is a ratio used in finance, valuation and accounting, as a measure of the profitability and value-creating potential of companies relative to the amount of capital invested by shareholders and other debtholders. [1] It indicates how effective a company is at turning capital into ...
The weighted average cost of capital ( WACC) is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. The WACC is commonly referred to as the firm's cost of capital. Importantly, it is dictated by the external market and not by management. The WACC represents the minimum return that a company ...
A financial ratio or accounting ratio states the relative magnitude of two selected numerical values taken from an enterprise's financial statements. Often used in accounting, there are many standard ratios used to try to evaluate the overall financial condition of a corporation or other organization. Financial ratios may be used by managers ...
It is commonly represented as total assets less current liabilities (or fixed assets plus working capital requirement). [2] ROCE uses the reported (period end) capital numbers; if one instead uses the average of the opening and closing capital for the period, one obtains return on average capital employed (ROACE).