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  2. Affine cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_cipher

    Affine cipher. The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter. The formula used means that each letter encrypts to one other letter, and back again, meaning the cipher is ...

  3. Alphabetic numeral system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetic_numeral_system

    An alphabetic numeral system employs the letters of a script in the specific order of the alphabet in order to express numerals. In Greek, letters are assigned to respective numbers in the following sets: 1 through 9, 10 through 90, 100 through 900, and so on. Decimal places are represented by a single symbol.

  4. Caesar cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher

    Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...

  5. Greek script in Unicode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_script_in_Unicode

    Blocks. As of version 15.1 of the Unicode Standard, 518 characters in the following blocks are classified as belonging to the Greek script: [1] Greek and Coptic: U+0370–U+03FF (117 characters) Phonetic Extensions: U+1D00–U+1D7F (15 characters) Phonetic Extensions Supplement: U+1D80–U+1DBF (1 character: U+1DBF MODIFIER LETTER SMALL THETA ...

  6. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

    A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters. These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP) or is not 8-bit clean. PGP documentation ( RFC 4880) uses ...

  7. Character encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding

    Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. [1] The numerical values that make up a character encoding are known as "code points" and collectively comprise a "code space", a ...

  8. Classical cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_cipher

    The number corresponding to the letters in the key is determined by their place in the alphabet, i.e. A is 1, B is 2, C is 3, etc. For example, if the key word is CAT and the message is THE SKY IS BLUE, the message would be arranged thus:

  9. ADFGVX cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADFGVX_cipher

    ADFGVX cipher. In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a manually applied field cipher used by the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was used to transmit messages secretly using wireless telegraphy. ADFGVX was in fact an extension of an earlier cipher called ADFGX which was first used on 1 March 1918 on the German Western Front.