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2. LED circuit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_circuit

   Simple LED (Light Emitting Diode) circuit diagram. In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED. The voltage drop across a lit LED is ...

3. Thermal management of high-power LEDs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_management_of_high...

   LED power dissipation is modeled as a current source; thermal resistance is modeled as a resistor; and the ambient temperature is modeled as a voltage source. High power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can use 350 milliwatts or more in a single LED. Most of the electricity in an LED becomes heat rather than light (about 70% heat and 30% light). [1]

4. Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

   Since most common power supplies are (nearly) constant-voltage sources, LED fixtures must include a power converter, or at least a current-limiting resistor. In some applications, the internal resistance of small batteries is sufficient to keep current within the LED rating. [citation needed] LEDs are sensitive to voltage.

5. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

   Light-emitting diode physics. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) produce light (or infrared radiation) by the recombination of electrons and electron holes in a semiconductor, a process called "electroluminescence". The wavelength of the light produced depends on the energy band gap of the semiconductors used.

6. Diode modelling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode_modelling

   In mathematics, this means taking a function and breaking it down into several linear segments. This method is used to approximate the diode characteristic curve as a series of linear segments. The real diode is modelled as 3 components in series: an ideal diode, a voltage source and a resistor .

7. Voltage divider - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_divider

   Voltage divider. In electronics, a voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a passive linear circuit that produces an output voltage ( Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage ( Vin ). Voltage division is the result of distributing the input voltage among the components of the divider. A simple example of a voltage divider is ...