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Hawthorne effect. The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [ 1][ 2] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are ...
Hawthorne Works. Coordinates: 41.850°N 87.740°W. Aerial view of the Hawthorne Works, ca. 1907. The Hawthorne Works was a large factory complex of the Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois. Named after the original name of the town, Hawthorne, it opened in 1905 and operated until 1983. At its peak of operations, Hawthorne employed ...
George Elton Mayo (26 December 1880 – 7 September 1949) was an Australian born psychologist, [ 1][ 2][ 3] industrial researcher, and organizational theorist. [ 4][ 5] Mayo was formally trained at the University of Adelaide, acquiring a Bachelor of Arts Degree graduating with First Class Honours, majoring in philosophy and psychology, [ 4] and ...
Socialismin the United States. Brook Farm, also called the Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education[ 4] or the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education, [ 5] was a utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s. It was founded by former Unitarian minister George Ripley and his wife Sophia Ripley at the ...
Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer. He was widely known for his methods to improve industrial efficiency. [ 1 ] He was one of the first management consultants. [ 2 ] In 1909, Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his book The Principles of Scientific Management which, in 2001 ...
Human relations movement. Human relations movement refers to the researchers of organizational development who study the behaviour of people in groups, particularly in workplace groups and other related concepts in fields such as industrial and organizational psychology. It originated in the 1930s' Hawthorne studies, which examined the effects ...
Dr. Heidegger's Experiment. " Dr. Heidegger's Experiment " is a short story by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story is about a doctor who claims to have been sent water from the Fountain of Youth. Originally published anonymously in 1837, it was later published in Hawthorne's collection Twice-Told Tales, also in 1837.
Scientists. v. t. e. In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation. [ 1][ 2] This is often the result of utilising instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. A common example is checking the pressure in an automobile tire, which causes some of the air ...