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Hawthorne effect. The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [ 1][ 2] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are ...
In 1937, Roethlisberger published the first comprehensive findings of the Hawthorne experiments. He also authored Management and the Worker using these findings in 1939. The book was voted the tenth most influential management book of the 20th century in a poll of the Fellows of the Academy of Management.
Wilhelm Wundt. Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt ( / wʊnt /; German: [vʊnt]; 16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. [ 1]
t. e. Brook Farm, also called the Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education[ 4] or the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education, [ 5] was a utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s. It was founded by former Unitarian minister George Ripley and his wife Sophia Ripley at the Ellis Farm in West ...
Walter Andrew Shewhart (pronounced like "shoe-heart"; March 18, 1891 – March 11, 1967) was an American physicist, engineer and statistician. He is sometimes also known as the grandfather of statistical quality control and also related to the Shewhart cycle . W. Edwards Deming said of him: As a statistician, he was, like so many of the rest of ...
Human relations movement. Human relations movement refers to the researchers of organizational development who study the behaviour of people in groups, particularly in workplace groups and other related concepts in fields such as industrial and organizational psychology. It originated in the 1930s' Hawthorne studies, which examined the effects ...
Charles D. Wrege (March 11, 1924 – August 19, 2014) [1] was an American management historian, and Professor at Rutgers University. He is known for his contributions to management history, especially his critical work on Frederick W. Taylor and scientific management. [2] [3]
"The Birth-Mark", The Pioneer, March 1843 "The Birth-Mark" is a short story by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne.The tale examines obsession with human perfection. It was first published in the March 1843 edition of The Pioneer and later appeared in Mosses from an Old Manse, a collection of Hawthorne's short stories published in 1846.