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The Great Migration, sometimes known as the Great Northward Migration or the Black Migration, was the movement of six million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West between 1910 and 1970. [ 1] It was substantially caused by poor economic and social conditions due to prevalent racial ...
The history of African Americans in Chicago or Black Chicagoans dates back to Jean Baptiste Point du Sable 's trading activities in the 1780s. Du Sable, the city's founder, was Haitian of African and French descent. [ 4] Fugitive slaves and freedmen established the city's first black community in the 1840s. By the late 19th century, the first ...
1865-1890. After the war, African Americans formed an important political block in the city, led by Watson, George DeBaptist, John D. Richards, and Walter Y. Clark. [ 15] Saginaw's William Q. Atwood was an important figure outside Detroit who influenced the city's African-American politics as well. [ 16]
The first New York-Chicago route was provided on January 24, 1853 with the completion of the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad to Grafton, Ohio on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad. The route later became part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, owned by the New York Central Railroad. [1]
Demographic history of Detroit. Demographics of Detroit. Population pyramid of Detroit in 2021. Population. 639,111 (2020) Race and ethnicity in Detroit as of the 2000 census. Each dot is 25 people. The map shows the heavy legacy of historic segregation in American cities.
The first wave of immigrants, including Germans, Irish, and Poles, arrived in the mid-19th Century. [8] In 1900 Detroit had 96,503 people who were not born in the United States. This figure increased to 157,534 in 1910. [9] In the early 20th Century the largest wave of immigrants came to work at automobile factories.
Around World War I ethnic Poles were the largest ethnic group in Detroit. In the early 20th century, "native"-born whites, Scots-Irish Appalachian hill people, former farmhands from Midwestern states, and wealthier descendants of older ethnic groups in Detroit lived in outlying areas of Detroit. Steve Babson, author of Working Detroit: The ...
The movement spread to the United States in the late 1880s, with the opening of the Neighborhood Guild in New York City's Lower East Side in 1886, and the most famous settlement house in the United States, Hull-House (1889), was founded soon after by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr in Chicago. By 1887, there were 74 settlement and neighborhood ...