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In American English, the terms prison and jail have separate definitions, though this is not always adhered to in casual speech. A prison or penitentiary holds people for longer periods of time, such as many years, and is operated by a state or federal government. A jail holds people for shorter periods of time or for pre-trial detention and is ...
Prison slang is an argot used primarily by criminals and detainees in correctional institutions. It is a form of anti-language. [ 1] Many of the terms deal with criminal behavior, incarcerated life, legal cases, street life, and different types of inmates. Prison slang varies depending on institution, region, and country. [ 2]
A prison officer ( PO) or corrections officer ( CO ), also known as a correctional law enforcement officer or less formally as a prison guard, is a uniformed law enforcement official responsible for the custody, supervision, safety, and regulation of prisoners. They are responsible for the security of the facility and its property as well as ...
This plan of Jeremy Bentham's panopticon prison was drawn by Willey Reveley in 1791. The panopticon is a design of institutional building with an inbuilt system of control, originated by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century. The concept is to allow all prisoners of an institution to be observed by a ...
Imprisonment or incarceration is the restraint of a person's liberty for any cause whatsoever, whether by authority of the government, or by a person acting without such authority. In the latter case it is considered "false imprisonment". Imprisonment does not necessarily imply a place of confinement with bolts and bars, but may be exercised by ...
Parole (also known as provisional release, supervised release or being on paper) is a form of early release of a prison inmate where the prisoner agrees to abide by behavioral conditions, including checking-in with their designated parole officers, or else they may be rearrested and returned to prison. A parole officer with the Missouri ...
Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, improve the effectiveness of a penal system, reduce recidivism or implement alternatives to incarceration. [ 1] It also focuses on ensuring the reinstatement of those whose lives are impacted by crimes. [ 1]
The Oxford English Dictionary defines penology as "the study of the punishment of crime and prison management," and in this sense it is equivalent with corrections. [ 3] The term penology comes from "penal", Latin poena, "punishment" and the Greek suffix -logia, "study of". Penology is concerned with the effectiveness of those social processes ...