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OpenAI Codex is an artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI. It parses natural language and generates code in response. It powers GitHub Copilot, a programming autocompletion tool for select IDEs, like Visual Studio Code and Neovim. [ 1] Codex is a descendant of OpenAI's GPT-3 model, fine-tuned for use in programming applications.
An illustration of main components of the transformer model from the paper. " Attention Is All You Need " [ 1] is a 2017 landmark [ 2][ 3] research paper in machine learning authored by eight scientists working at Google. The paper introduced a new deep learning architecture known as the transformer, based on the attention mechanism proposed in ...
One-time pad. A format of one-time pad used by the U.S. National Security Agency, code named DIANA. The table on the right is an aid for converting between plaintext and ciphertext using the characters at left as the key. In cryptography, the one-time pad ( OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked, but requires the use of a single ...
Book cipher. The King James Bible, a highly available publication suitable for the book cipher. A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key . A simple version of such a cipher would use a specific book as the key, and would replace each ...
Coding reliability [4] [2] approaches have the longest history and are often little different from qualitative content analysis. As the name suggests they prioritise the measurement of coding reliability through the use of structured and fixed code books, the use of multiple coders who work independently to apply the code book to the data, the measurement of inter-rater reliability or inter ...
In cryptography, a codebook is a document used for implementing a code. A codebook contains a lookup table for coding and decoding; each word or phrase has one or more strings which replace it. To decipher messages written in code, corresponding copies of the codebook must be available at either end. The distribution and physical security of ...
Digital object identifier. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). [ 1] DOIs are an implementation of the Handle System; [ 2][ 3] they also fit within the URI system ( Uniform Resource Identifier ).
e. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is a style guide for writing and formatting research papers, theses, and dissertations and is published by the University of Chicago Press . The work is often referred to as "Turabian" (after the work's original author, Kate L. Turabian) or by the shortened title, A Manual ...