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A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, [ 1 ] while others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels. The term colloidal suspension refers unambiguously to the overall mixture (although a ...
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, [c] and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth 's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent [20]). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or organic micronutrients. Its ...
The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle), is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time. However, the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, salt water and ...
Osmosis is the movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane toward a higher concentration of solute. In biological systems, the solvent is typically water, but osmosis can occur in other liquids, supercritical liquids, and even gases. [11][12] When a cell is submerged in water, the water molecules pass through the cell membrane from an ...
Phase separation. A phase diagram for two isotopes of helium, showing at bottom a range of temperatures and ratios at which they will phase-separate. Phase separation is the creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture. [1] The most common type of phase separation is between two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water.
The molecules of water are constantly moving concerning each other, and the hydrogen bonds are continually breaking and reforming at timescales faster than 200 femtoseconds (2 × 10 −13 seconds). [27] However, these bonds are strong enough to create many of the peculiar properties of water, some of which make it integral to life.
Condensation reaction. In organic chemistry, a condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water. [1] If water is lost, the reaction is also known as a dehydration synthesis. However other molecules can also be lost, such as ...
Hydrogeology is the study of the presence and movement of groundwater. Hydrogeochemistry is the study of how terrestrial water dissolves minerals weathering and this effect on water chemistry. Hydroinformatics is the adaptation of information technology to hydrology and water resources applications. Hydrometeorology is the study of the transfer ...