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  2. Osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis

    The process of osmosis over a semipermeable membrane.The blue dots represent particles driving the osmotic gradient. Osmosis (/ ɒ z ˈ m oʊ s ɪ s /, US also / ɒ s-/) is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential (region ...

  3. Electro-osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-osmosis

    In chemistry, electro-osmotic flow ( EOF, hyphen optional; synonymous with electro-osmosis or electro-endosmosis) is the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential across a porous material, capillary tube, membrane, microchannel, or any other fluid conduit. Because electro- osmotic velocities are independent of conduit size, as long as ...

  4. Water vapor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor

    Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. [4] Under typical atmospheric conditions ...

  5. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle ), is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time. However, the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, salt water and ...

  6. Electrolyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte

    Electrolyte. An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that are electrically conductive through the movement of those ions, but not conducting electrons. [1] [2] [3] This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. Upon dissolving, the substance separates into cations and anions, which disperse ...

  7. Condensation reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_reaction

    Condensation reaction. In organic chemistry, a condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water. [1] If water is lost, the reaction is also known as a dehydration synthesis. However other molecules can also be lost, such as ...

  8. Stellar classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification

    In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors interspersed with spectral lines. Each line indicates a particular chemical element ...

  9. Chemical equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium

    Chemical equilibrium. In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. [1] This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same ...