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Desalination is a process that removes mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination is the removal of salts and minerals from a substance. [ 1] One example is soil desalination. This is important for agriculture. It is possible to desalinate saltwater, especially sea water, to produce water for human consumption or irrigation.
High grade water recycling. Wave-powered desalination. Multi-stage flash distillation ( MSF) is a water desalination process that distills sea water by flashing a portion of the water into steam in multiple stages of what are essentially countercurrent heat exchangers. Current MSF facilities may have as many as 30 stages.
The Langkawi Water Project covering the group of islands of the same name in Pengan state under a 25-year management contract signed in 1996; The Johor Water Supply, a 30-year BOT for the Semangar Water Treatment Plant signed in 2000 with a US$3.4bn investment commitment
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a classification of water treatment processes intended to reduce wastewater efficiently and produce clean water that is suitable for reuse (e.g., irrigation ). ZLD systems employ wastewater treatment technologies and desalination to purify and recycle virtually all wastewater received. [ 1][ 2] ZLD technologies ...
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable ...
Multiple-effect distillation or multi-effect distillation ( MED) is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination. It consists of multiple stages or "effects". In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto them. Some of the water evaporates, and this steam flows into the tubes of ...
The VVC process is the more efficient distillation process available in the market today in terms of energy consumption and water recovery ratio. As the system is electrically driven, it is considered a "clean" process, it is highly reliable and simple to operate and maintain.
RO is the most common desalination process due to its efficiency compared to thermal desalination systems, despite the need for water pre-treatment. [39] Economic and reliability considerations are the main challenges to improving PV powered RO desalination systems. However, plummeting PV panel costs make solar-powered desalination more feasible.