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  2. Greensand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensand

    Greensand glauconite is used as a water softener for its chemical-exchange properties. Greensand coated with manganese oxide (called manganese greensand) is used in well water treatment systems to remove dissolved (reduced) iron and manganese with the addition of an oxidant, usually potassium permanganate, under controlled pH conditions. [14]

  3. Manganese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese

    Manganese is an essential human dietary element and is present as a coenzyme in several biological processes, which include macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. Manganese is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. [6] The human body contains about 12 mg of manganese, mostly in the bones.

  4. Media filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_filter

    Media filter system for urban runoff. Media filters are used to protect water quality in streams, rivers, and lakes. They can be effective at removing pollutants in stormwater such as suspended solids and phosphorus. Sand is the most common filter material. [3] [4] In other filters, sometimes called "organic filters," wood chips or leaf mold ...

  5. Potassium permanganate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_permanganate

    Potassium permanganate is used extensively in the water treatment industry. It is used as a regeneration chemical to remove iron and hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell) from well water via a "manganese greensand" filter. "Pot-Perm" is also obtainable at pool supply stores and is used additionally to treat wastewater.

  6. Iron-oxidizing bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-oxidizing_bacteria

    Any previously precipitated iron is removed by simple mechanical filtration. Several different filter media may be used in these iron filters, including manganese greensand, Birm, MTM, multi-media, sand, and other synthetic materials. In most cases, the higher oxides of manganese produce the desired oxidizing action.

  7. Glauconite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauconite

    Glauconite. Glauconite is an iron potassium phyllosilicate ( mica group) mineral of characteristic green color which is very friable [ 5] and has very low weathering resistance. It crystallizes with a monoclinic geometry. Its name is derived from the Greek glaucos ( γλαυκός) meaning 'bluish green', referring to the common blue-green ...

  8. Rapid sand filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_sand_filter

    Rapid sand filter. The rapid sand filter or rapid gravity filter is a type of filter used in water purification and is commonly used in municipal drinking water facilities as part of a multiple-stage treatment system. [ 1] These systems are complex and expensive to operate and maintain, and therefore less suitable for small communities and ...

  9. Manganese cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_cycle

    Manganese precipitates in soils in the form of manganese-iron oxide minerals, which promote nutrient and organic matter accumulation due to their high surface area. Manganese is the tenth most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, making up approximately 0.1% of the total composition, or about 0.019 mol kg −1 , which is found mostly in the ...