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Fiore Furlano de Cividale d'Austria, delli Liberi da Premariacco (Fiore dei Liberi, Fiore Furlano, Fiore de Cividale d'Austria; born ca. 1350; [ 1] died after 1409 [ 2]) was a late 14th century knight, diplomat, and itinerant fencing master . He is the earliest Italian master from whom an extant martial arts manual has survived.
The Flos Duellatorum is the name given to one of the manuscript versions of Fiore dei Liberi 's illuminated manuscript fight book, written in 1410 (dated to 1409 in the old reckoning ). There are five other surviving recensions, under the title Fior di Battaglia. Both Flos Duellatorum and Fior di Battaglia translate into English roughly as "The ...
The earliest master to write in the Italian language was Fiore dei Liberi, commissioned by the Marquis di Ferrara. Between 1407 and 1410, he documented comprehensive fighting techniques in a treatise entitled Flos Duellatorum covering grappling, dagger, arming sword, longsword, pole-weapons, armoured combat, and mounted combat. [5]
One of the earliest known Italian treatises on swordsmanship and other martial arts is the Flos Duellatorum (Fior Di Battaglia/The Flower of Battle) written by Fiore dei Liberi around 1409. Fiore's treatise describes an advanced martial arts system of grappling , dagger , short sword , longsword , pollaxe , and spear .
Bolognese Swordsmanship, also sometimes known as the Dardi school, is a tradition within the Italian school of swordsmanship which is based on the surviving fencing treatises published by several 16th century fencing masters of Bologna, As early as the 14th century several fencing masters were living and teaching in the city: a maestro Rosolino in 1338, a maestro Nerio in 1354, and a maestro ...
The German school of fencing ( Deutsche Schule; Kunst des Fechtens [a]) is a system of combat taught in the Holy Roman Empire during the Late Medieval, German Renaissance, and early modern periods. It is described in the contemporary Fechtbücher ("fencing books") written at the time. The geographical center of this tradition was in what is now ...
A nightlight rarely merits a write-up (and when it does, it's usually about some novelty faux-retro Jesus nightlight you'll find at the local Urban Outfitters), but Vessel has a new one called the ...
This was followed by a number of treatises, primarily from Germany and Italy, with the oldest surviving Italian treatise being Fior di Battaglia by Fiore dei Liberi, written c. 1400. In Spain, Diego de Valera published a treatise on fencing in 1471 (in spite of the title, the book of Diego de Valera was mainly focused on heraldry). [14]