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Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [ 6 ] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia , globus pharyngis , and ...
Type 3c diabetes. Type 3c diabetes (also known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreatic diseases, [1] involving the exocrine and digestive functions of the pancreas. It also occurs following surgical removal of the pancreas. Around 5–10% of cases of diabetes in the Western world are related to pancreatic ...
The diagnosis component of ICD-9-CM is completely consistent with ICD-9 codes, and remains the data standard for reporting morbidity. National adaptations of the ICD-10 progressed to incorporate both clinical code (ICD-10-CM) and procedure code (ICD-10-PCS) with the revisions completed in 2003.
Those who remained diabetes-free for at least 4 years had a 26% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 40% lower risk of vascular problems. Participants who remained free of diabetes for at least ...
Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [10] [11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [12]
Pan-national data collection indicates that childhood nutrition plays a significant role in determining the acquisition of a lower respiratory tract infection, with the promotion of the implementation of nutrition program, and policy guidelines in affected countries.
The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in 1949 by Jerry Morris using occupational health data and were published in 1958. [17] The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of biomedical research , with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis.
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [ 1] Work on ICD-10 began in 1983, [ 2 ...