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Learn about the different types of wastewater treatment plants, such as sewage, industrial, agricultural and leachate, and the processes they use to remove contaminants and produce effluent. Find out the global trends, challenges and examples of wastewater treatment and reuse.
Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment that aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge or reuse. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are facilities that process sewage using various technologies and criteria.
Learn about the processes, sources, contaminants and sectors of industrial wastewater treatment. Industrial wastewater is the by-product of various industries that may contain pollutants such as heavy metals, organic matter, nutrients, toxins, radionuclides and microplastics.
Secondary treatment is the removal of biodegradable organic matter from sewage or similar kinds of wastewater by microorganisms in a managed aerobic or anaerobic process. It follows primary treatment, which removes settleable solids, and may be followed by tertiary treatment, which further improves the effluent quality.
A comprehensive list of various methods and processes for treating wastewater, with brief descriptions and references. Learn about activated sludge, anaerobic digestion, membrane bioreactor, reverse osmosis, and more.
Activated sludge is a process that uses aeration and microorganisms to treat sewage or industrial wastewaters. It produces a waste sludge that contains the oxidized organic matter and needs to be removed and disposed of periodically.
Learn about sequencing batch reactors (SBR), a type of activated sludge process for wastewater treatment in batches. SBRs have five stages: fill, aeration, settle, decant and idle, and can remove organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Anaerobic digestion is a bacterial process that is carried out in the absence of oxygen. The process can either be thermophilic digestion, in which sludge is fermented in tanks at a temperature of 55 °C, or mesophilic, at a temperature of around 36 °C. Though allowing shorter retention time (and thus smaller tanks), thermophilic digestion is ...