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The cerebrospinal fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord, and in the ventricles of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates . CSF is produced by specialised ependymal cells in the choroid plexus ...
Intracranial pressure ( ICP) is the pressure exerted by fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the skull and on the brain tissue. ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury ( mmHg) and at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. This equals to 9–20 cmH 2 O, which is a common scale used in lumbar punctures. [1]
Midline shift. Midline shift (arrow) is present in this brain after a stroke (infarct depicted in shaded area). Midline shift is a shift of the brain past its center line. [1] The sign may be evident on neuroimaging such as CT scanning. [1] The sign is considered ominous because it is commonly associated with a distortion of the brain stem that ...
Chiari malformation. Hydrocephalus, spina bifida, syringomyelia, tethered cord syndrome. [1] In neurology, the Chiari malformation ( CM) is a structural defect in the cerebellum, characterized by a downward displacement of one or both cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum (the opening at the base of the skull ).
The extent and severity of the symptoms of cerebral edema depend on the exact etiology but are generally related to an acute increase of the pressure within the skull. As the skull is a fixed and inelastic space, the accumulation of cerebral edema can displace and compress vital brain tissue, cerebral spinal fluid, and blood vessels, according to the Monro–Kellie doctrine.
The thecal sac or dural sac is the membranous sheath (theca) or tube of dura mater that surrounds the spinal cord and the cauda equina. The thecal sac contains the cerebrospinal fluid which provides nutrients and buoyancy to the spinal cord. [1] From the skull the tube adheres to bone at the foramen magnum and extends down to the second sacral ...
Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through a network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of cerebral blood flow in an adult human is typically 750 milliliters per minute, or about 15% of cardiac output. Arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain.
Displacement (fluid) Measurement of volume by displacement, (a) before and (b) after an object has been submerged. The amount by which the liquid rises in the cylinder (∆V) is equal to the volume of the object. In fluid mechanics, displacement occurs when an object is largely immersed in a fluid, pushing it out of the way and taking its place.