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Phoneword. Many telephone keypads have letters with the numbers, from which words can be formed. Phonewords are mnemonic phrases represented as alphanumeric equivalents of a telephone number. [1] In many countries, the digits on the telephone keypad also have letters assigned. By replacing the digits of a telephone number with the corresponding ...
ROT13 ( Rotate13, " rotate by 13 places ", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome. Because there are 26 letters (2×13) in the basic Latin alphabet, ROT13 is ...
The first service number of the United States armed forces. Service numbers (SNs) were first created in 1918 as a result of the United States Army becoming involved in World War I and the need for a record tracking system capable of indexing the millions of soldiers who were joining the ranks of the National Army.
A telephone keypad using the ITU E.161 standard. A telephone keypad is a keypad installed on a push-button telephone or similar telecommunication device for dialing a telephone number. It was standardized when the dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) system was developed in the Bell System in the United States in the 1960s that replaced ...
Practical implementations rely heavily on decoding the constituent SPC codes in parallel. LDPC codes were first introduced by Robert G. Gallager in his PhD thesis in 1960, but due to the computational effort in implementing encoder and decoder and the introduction of Reed–Solomon codes, they were mostly ignored until the 1990s.
Kenmore 9392 is a five-pull (1L-4N) small-city telephone number for the Kenmore exchange in Fort Wayne, Indiana. MArket 7032 is a six-digit (2L-4N) telephone number. This format was in use from the 1920s through the 1950s, and was phased out c. 1960. BALdwin 6828 is an urban 3L-4N example, used only in the largest cities before conversion to ...
The Alberti Cipher disk. The Alberti Cipher, created in 1467 by Italian architect Leon Battista Alberti, was one of the first polyalphabetic ciphers. In the opening pages of his treatise De componendis cifris [] he explained how his conversation with the papal secretary Leonardo Dati about a recently developed movable type printing press led to the development of his cipher wheel.
Seven-segment representation of figures can be found in patents as early as 1903 (in U.S. patent 1,126,641), when Carl Kinsley invented a method of telegraphically transmitting letters and numbers and having them printed on tape in a segmented format.