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  2. Meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

    In land plants and some algae, there is an alternation of generations such that meiosis in the diploid sporophyte generation produces haploid spores instead of gametes. When they germinate, these spores undergo repeated cell division by mitosis, developing into a multicellular haploid gametophyte generation, which then produces gametes directly ...

  3. Sporogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporogenesis

    Sporogenesis. Sporogenesis is the production of spores in biology. The term is also used to refer to the process of reproduction via spores. Reproductive spores were found to be formed in eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, algae and fungi, during their normal reproductive life cycle. Dormant spores are formed, for example by certain fungi ...

  4. Alternation of generations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternation_of_generations

    Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis or heterogenesis) [ 1] is the predominant type of life cycle in plants and algae. In plants both phases are multicellular: the haploid sexual phase – the gametophyte – alternates with a diploid asexual phase – the sporophyte . A mature sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis, a ...

  5. Evolution of sexual reproduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_sexual...

    This diagram illustrates how sex might create novel genotypes more rapidly. Two advantageous alleles A and B occur at random. The two alleles are recombined rapidly in a sexual population (top), but in an asexual population (bottom) the two alleles must independently arise because of clonal interference.

  6. Origin and function of meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_and_function_of_meiosis

    Meiosis is a key event of the sexual cycle in eukaryotes. It is the stage of the life cycle when a cell gives rise to haploid cells ( gametes) each having half as many chromosomes as the parental cell. Two such haploid gametes, ordinarily arising from different individual organisms, fuse by the process of fertilization, thus completing the ...

  7. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [ 1] Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome (s) before dividing.

  8. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable ...

  9. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption ( drinking water ), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of ...