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Jakarta. The term Government of the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian: Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, sometimes also referred to as the Central Government ( Indonesian: Pemerintah Pusat) especially in laws) can have a number of different meanings. At its widest, it can refer collectively to the three traditional branches of government – the ...
The politics of Indonesia take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral People's ...
The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position, natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade, economics and politics. Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,000 to 18,000 islands stretching along the equator in Southeast Asia .
King Kertanegara of Singhasari launched Pamalayu expedition against Melayu Kingdom in Sumatra. 1284. King Kertanegara launched Pabali expedition to Bali, which integrated Bali into the Singhasari territory. 1289. Kertanegara insult the envoy of Kublai Khan that demand Java to pay the tribute to Yuan Dynasty.
The government ensured that these parties never developed effective opposition by controlling their leadership while establishing the "re-call" system to remove any outspoken legislators from their positions. Using this system dubbed "Pancasila Democracy", Suharto was re-elected unopposed by the MPR in 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, and 1998. [83]
The Indonesian National Revolution ( Indonesian: Revolusi Nasional Indonesia ), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence ( Dutch: Indonesische Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial ...
The 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian: Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, commonly abbreviated as UUD 1945 or UUD '45) is the supreme law and basis for all laws of Indonesia . The constitution was written in June–August 1945, in the final months of the Japanese occupation of the Dutch ...
The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia ( Indonesian: Demokrasi Liberal ), also known as the Era of Parliamentary Democracy, was a period in Indonesian political history, when the country was under a liberal democratic system. During this period, Indonesia held its first and only free and fair legislative election until 1999, but also saw ...