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  2. von Neumann architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture

    The shared bus between the program memory and data memory leads to the von Neumann bottleneck, the limited throughput (data transfer rate) between the central processing unit (CPU) and memory compared to the amount of memory. Because the single bus can only access one of the two classes of memory at a time, throughput is lower than the rate at ...

  3. Process (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)

    Process (computing) In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are rooted in an operating system (OS) process which comprises the program code ...

  4. Computer memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_memory

    Computer memory stores information, such as data and programs, for immediate use in the computer. [ 2] The term memory is often synonymous with the terms RAM, main memory, or primary storage. Archaic synonyms for main memory include core (for magnetic core memory) and store. [ 3]

  5. Process management (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_management_(computing)

    Execution of process creation system call by a running process. A user request to create a new process. Initiation of a batch job. When an operating system is booted, typically several processes are created. Some of these are foreground processes, that interact with a (human) user and perform work for them.

  6. Dynamic random-access memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory

    Dynamic random-access memory ( dynamic RAM or DRAM) is a type of random-access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell, usually consisting of a tiny capacitor and a transistor, both typically based on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology. While most DRAM memory cell designs use a capacitor and transistor ...

  7. Computer data storage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage

    Computer data storage or digital data storage is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media that are used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers. [ 1]: 15–16. The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is what manipulates data by performing computations.

  8. Thread (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computing)

    Thread (computing) In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. [ 1] In many cases, a thread is a component of a process. The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently (via ...

  9. Fragmentation (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(computing)

    Fragmentation (computing) In computer storage, fragmentation is a phenomenon in which storage space, main storage or secondary storage, such as computer memory or a hard drive, is used inefficiently, reducing capacity or performance and often both. The exact consequences of fragmentation depend on the specific system of storage allocation in ...