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A partially observable Markov decision process ( POMDP) is a generalization of a Markov decision process (MDP). A POMDP models an agent decision process in which it is assumed that the system dynamics are determined by an MDP, but the agent cannot directly observe the underlying state. Instead, it must maintain a sensor model (the probability ...
The lambda calculus, developed in the 1930s by Alonzo Church, is a formal system of computation built from function application. In 1937 Alan Turing proved that the lambda calculus and Turing machines are equivalent models of computation, [ 37 ] showing that the lambda calculus is Turing complete. Lambda calculus forms the basis of all ...
Memory layout of a jagged array. In computer science, a jagged array, also known as a ragged array [ 1] or irregular array [ 2] is an array of arrays of which the member arrays can be of different lengths, [ 3] producing rows of jagged edges when visualized as output. In contrast, two-dimensional arrays are always rectangular [ 4] so jagged ...
The Rete algorithm ( / ˈriːtiː / REE-tee, / ˈreɪtiː / RAY-tee, rarely / ˈriːt / REET, / rɛˈteɪ / reh-TAY) is a pattern matching algorithm for implementing rule-based systems. The algorithm was developed to efficiently apply many rules or patterns to many objects, or facts, in a knowledge base. It is used to determine which of the ...
In computer science and information theory, a Huffman code is a particular type of optimal prefix code that is commonly used for lossless data compression.The process of finding or using such a code is Huffman coding, an algorithm developed by David A. Huffman while he was a Sc.D. student at MIT, and published in the 1952 paper "A Method for the Construction of Minimum-Redundancy Codes".
In the context of combinatorial mathematics, stars and bars (also called "sticks and stones", [ 1] "balls and bars", [ 2] and "dots and dividers" [ 3]) is a graphical aid for deriving certain combinatorial theorems. It can be used to solve many simple counting problems, such as how many ways there are to put n indistinguishable balls into k ...
The algorithm, named after its inventor, Jay Earley, is a chart parser that uses dynamic programming; it is mainly used for parsing in computational linguistics. It was first introduced in his dissertation [ 2] in 1968 (and later appeared in an abbreviated, more legible, form in a journal [ 3] ).
Tuple. In mathematics, a tuple is a finite sequence or ordered list of numbers or, more generally, mathematical objects, which are called the elements of the tuple. An n-tuple is a tuple of n elements, where n is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, called the empty tuple. A 1-tuple and a 2-tuple are commonly called a singleton ...