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The scaled sum of a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with finite positive variance converges in distribution to the normal distribution. In probability theory, the central limit theorem ( CLT) states that, under appropriate conditions, the distribution of a normalized version of the sample mean converges to a standard normal distribution.
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Basic concepts. Commutative algebra. Noncommutative algebra. v. t. e. In mathematics, a direct limit is a way to construct a (typically large) object from many (typically smaller) objects that are put together in a specific way. These objects may be groups, rings, vector spaces or in general objects from any category.
Finite field arithmetic. In mathematics, finite field arithmetic is arithmetic in a finite field (a field containing a finite number of elements) contrary to arithmetic in a field with an infinite number of elements, like the field of rational numbers . There are infinitely many different finite fields. Their number of elements is necessarily ...
Cube root. In mathematics, a cube root of a number x is a number y such that y3 = x. All nonzero real numbers have exactly one real cube root and a pair of complex conjugate cube roots, and all nonzero complex numbers have three distinct complex cube roots. For example, the real cube root of 8, denoted , is 2, because 23 = 8, while the other ...
This is a list of articles about prime numbers.A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers.
The arithmetical hierarchy assigns classifications to the formulas in the language of first-order arithmetic. The classifications are denoted and for natural numbers n (including 0). The Greek letters here are lightface symbols, which indicates that the formulas do not contain set parameters.
Bounded variation. In mathematical analysis, a function of bounded variation, also known as BV function, is a real -valued function whose total variation is bounded (finite): the graph of a function having this property is well behaved in a precise sense. For a continuous function of a single variable, being of bounded variation means that the ...