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Rayleigh scattering ( / ˈreɪli / RAY-lee) is the predominantly elastic scattering of light, or other electromagnetic radiation, by particles with a size much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation. For light frequencies well below the resonance frequency of the scattering medium (normal dispersion regime), the amount of scattering is ...
Rayleigh. In probability theory and statistics, the Rayleigh distribution is a continuous probability distribution for nonnegative-valued random variables. Up to rescaling, it coincides with the chi distribution with two degrees of freedom . The distribution is named after Lord Rayleigh ( / ˈreɪli / ). [ 1]
J. J. Thomson. Signature. John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM PC FRS ( / ˈreɪli /; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English mathematician and physicist who made extensive contributions to science. He spent all of his academic career at the University of Cambridge. Among many honours, he received the 1904 Nobel Prize in ...
In mathematics, the Rayleigh quotient[ 1] ( / ˈreɪ.li /) for a given complex Hermitian matrix and nonzero vector is defined as: [ 2][ 3] For real matrices and vectors, the condition of being Hermitian reduces to that of being symmetric, and the conjugate transpose to the usual transpose . Note that for any non-zero scalar .
The Rayleigh–Taylor instability, or RT instability (after Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor ), is an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. [ 2][ 3][ 4] Examples include the behavior of water suspended above oil in the gravity of Earth, [ 3] mushroom ...
The speeds are shown in dimensionless units. Rayleigh waves are a type of surface wave that travel near the surface of solids. Rayleigh waves include both longitudinal and transverse motions that decrease exponentially in amplitude as distance from the surface increases. There is a phase difference between these component motions.
In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number ( Ra, after Lord Rayleigh [ 1]) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy -driven flow, also known as free (or natural) convection. [ 2][ 3][ 4] It characterises the fluid's flow regime: [ 5] a value in a certain lower range denotes laminar flow; a value in a higher range, turbulent ...
The auction included Polock's collection of children's literature, [2] which consisted of 816 American children's books dating from 1682 to 1836. Rosenbach expanded on this collection throughout the years and donated it to the Free Library of Philadelphia in 1947, where it formed the beginning of the library's collection of early American ...
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