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  2. Lawsuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuit

    t. e. A lawsuit is a proceeding by one or more parties (the plaintiff or claimant) against one or more parties (the defendant) in a civil court of law. [ 1] The archaic term " suit in law " is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term "lawsuit" is used with respect to a civil action brought by a plaintiff (a party who ...

  3. Civil penalty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_penalty

    A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing. The wrongdoing is typically defined by a codification of legislation, regulations, and decrees. The civil fine is not considered to be a criminal punishment, because it is primarily sought in order to compensate the state for harm ...

  4. Civil procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_procedure

    Civil procedure. Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and regulations along with some standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what kind of service of process (if any) is required; the types ...

  5. Class action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_action

    Description. In a typical class action, a plaintiff sues a defendant or a number of defendants [further explanation needed] on behalf of a group, or class, of absent parties. [ 2] This differs from a traditional lawsuit, where one party sues another party, and all of the parties are present in court. Although standards differ between states and ...

  6. Cause of action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_of_action

    A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment ).

  7. Plaintiff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintiff

    Plaintiff. A plaintiff ( Π in legal shorthand) is the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court. By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a legal remedy. If this search is successful, the court will issue judgment in favor of the plaintiff and make the appropriate court order (e.g., an order for damages ).

  8. Settlement (litigation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlement_(litigation)

    In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. A collective settlement is a settlement of multiple similar legal cases. [ 1] The term also has other meanings in the context of law. Structured settlements provide for future periodic payments, instead of a one ...

  9. Legal liability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_liability

    Legal liability. In law, liable means "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". [ 1] Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.

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