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  2. Factorial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial

    n ! {\displaystyle n!} In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer , denoted by , is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to . The factorial of also equals the product of with the next smaller factorial: For example, The value of 0! is 1, according to the convention for an empty product.

  3. Falling and rising factorials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_and_rising_factorials

    A general theory covering such relations, including the falling and rising factorial functions, is given by the theory of polynomial sequences of binomial type and Sheffer sequences. Falling and rising factorials are Sheffer sequences of binomial type, as shown by the relations: where the coefficients are the same as those in the binomial theorem .

  4. Derangement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derangement

    In combinatorial mathematics, a derangement is a permutation of the elements of a set in which no element appears in its original position. In other words, a derangement is a permutation that has no fixed points . The number of derangements of a set of size n is known as the subfactorial of n or the n- th derangement number or n- th de Montmort ...

  5. Gamma function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function

    Calculus, mathematical analysis, statistics, physics. In mathematics, the gamma function (represented by Γ, the capital letter gamma from the Greek alphabet) is one commonly used extension of the factorial function to complex numbers. The gamma function is defined for all complex numbers except the non-positive integers.

  6. Volume of an n-ball - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_of_an_n-ball

    The volume of a n-ballis the Lebesgue measureof this ball, which generalizes to any dimension the usual volume of a ball in 3-dimensional space. The volume of a n-ball of radius Ris RnVn,{\displaystyle R^{n}V_{n},}where Vn{\displaystyle V_{n}}is the volume of the unit n-ball, the n-ball of radius 1.

  7. Particular values of the gamma function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particular_values_of_the...

    The gamma function is an important special function in mathematics. Its particular values can be expressed in closed form for integer and half-integer arguments, but no simple expressions are known for the values at rational points in general. Other fractional arguments can be approximated through efficient infinite products, infinite series ...

  8. Pascal's triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_triangle

    Pascal's triangle. A diagram showing the first eight rows of Pascal's triangle. In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is an infinite triangular array of the binomial coefficients which play a crucial role in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra. In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal ...

  9. List of representations of e - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_representations_of_e

    List of representations of e. List of representations of. e. The mathematical constant e can be represented in a variety of ways as a real number. Since e is an irrational number (see proof that e is irrational ), it cannot be represented as the quotient of two integers, but it can be represented as a continued fraction.