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Sodium silicate is a generic name for chemical compounds with the formula Na 2x Si y O 2y+x or (Na 2 O) x · (SiO 2) y, such as sodium metasilicate Na 2 SiO 3, sodium orthosilicate Na 4 SiO 4, and sodium pyrosilicate Na 6 Si 2 O 7. The anions are often polymeric. These compounds are generally colorless transparent solids or white powders, and ...
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption ( drinking water ), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of ...
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable ...
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), in a broad sense, are a set of chemical treatment procedures designed to remove organic (and sometimes inorganic) materials in water and wastewater by oxidation through reactions with hydroxyl radicals (·OH). [1]
Activated carbon. Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have small, low-volume pores that greatly increase the surface area [1] [2] available for adsorption or chemical reactions [3] that can be thought of as a microscopic "sponge" structure (adsorption ...
Wet oxidation. Wet oxidation is a form of hydrothermal treatment. It is the oxidation of dissolved or suspended components in water using oxygen as the oxidizer. It is referred to as "Wet Air Oxidation" (WAO) when air is used. The oxidation reactions occur in superheated water at a temperature above the normal boiling point of water (100 °C ...
Electrodeionization. Electrodeionization ( EDI) is a water treatment technology that utilizes DC power, ion exchange membranes, and ion exchange resin to deionize water. EDI is typically employed as a polishing treatment following reverse osmosis (RO), and is used in the production of ultrapure water. It differs from other RO polishing methods ...
Antiscalant. An antiscalant is a chemical or pre-treatment chemical that prevents the formation of scale, or crystallized mineral salts, commonly used in water purification systems, pipelines and cooling tower applications. Antiscalants are also known as scale inhibitor agents.