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Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable ...
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption ( drinking water ), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of ...
Rocks stained by ferrous precipitate from acid mine drainage on Shamokin Creek in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage ( AMD ), or acid rock drainage ( ARD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines and coal mines. [citation needed] Acid rock drainage occurs naturally within some ...
Portable water purification devices are self-contained, easily transported units used to purify water from untreated sources (such as rivers, lakes, and wells) for drinking purposes. Their main function is to eliminate pathogens, and often also of suspended solids and some unpalatable or toxic compounds .
Sodium dithionite is produced industrially by reduction of sulfur dioxide. Approximately 300,000 tons were produced in 1990. [ 4] The route using zinc powder is a two-step process: 2 SO 2 + Zn → ZnS 2 O 4. ZnS 2 O 4 + 2 NaOH → Na 2 S 2 O 4 + Zn (OH) 2. The sodium borohydride method obeys the following stoichiometry: NaBH 4 + 8 NaOH + 8 SO 2 ...
Bromine. orthorhombic ( oS8) Bromine is a chemical element; it has symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured vapour. Its properties are intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine.
Water-reactive substances[ 1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, as they are highly reducing in nature. [ 2] Notable examples include alkali metals, lithium through caesium, and alkaline earth metals, magnesium through barium . Some water-reactive substances are also pyrophoric, like organometallics and ...
Sodium silicate is a generic name for chemical compounds with the formula Na 2x Si y O 2y+x or (Na 2 O) x · (SiO 2) y, such as sodium metasilicate Na 2 SiO 3, sodium orthosilicate Na 4 SiO 4, and sodium pyrosilicate Na 6 Si 2 O 7. The anions are often polymeric. These compounds are generally colorless transparent solids or white powders, and ...