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In computational learning theory, probably approximately correct ( PAC) learning is a framework for mathematical analysis of machine learning. It was proposed in 1984 by Leslie Valiant. [1] In this framework, the learner receives samples and must select a generalization function (called the hypothesis) from a certain class of possible functions.
In computer science, a disjoint-set data structure, also called a union–find data structure or merge–find set, is a data structure that stores a collection of disjoint (non-overlapping) sets. Equivalently, it stores a partition of a set into disjoint subsets. It provides operations for adding new sets, merging sets (replacing them by their ...
A partially observable Markov decision process ( POMDP) is a generalization of a Markov decision process (MDP). A POMDP models an agent decision process in which it is assumed that the system dynamics are determined by an MDP, but the agent cannot directly observe the underlying state. Instead, it must maintain a sensor model (the probability ...
The FOCL algorithm [3] ( First Order Combined Learner) extends FOIL in a variety of ways, which affect how FOCL selects literals to test while extending a clause under construction. Constraints on the search space are allowed, as are predicates that are defined on a rule rather than on a set of examples (called intensional predicates); most ...
Inductive bias is anything which makes the algorithm learn one pattern instead of another pattern (e.g. step-functions in decision trees instead of continuous function in a linear regression model ). Learning is the process of apprehending useful knowledge by observing and interacting with the world. [2]
The intermediate (thin) rectangles represent the hypotheses in the version space. Version space learning is a logical approach to machine learning, specifically binary classification. Version space learning algorithms search a predefined space of hypotheses, viewed as a set of logical sentences. Formally, the hypothesis space is a disjunction [1]
The Grubbs test statistic is defined as. with and denoting the sample mean and standard deviation, respectively. The Grubbs test statistic is the largest absolute deviation from the sample mean in units of the sample standard deviation. This is the two-sided test, for which the hypothesis of no outliers is rejected at significance level α if.
Partial-order plan. A partial-order plan or partial plan is a plan which specifies all actions that must be taken, but only specifies the order between actions when needed. It is the result of a partial-order planner. A partial-order plan consists of four components: A set of actions (also known as operators ). A partial order for the actions.