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Most popular general-purpose languages today, such as C, C++, C#, Java, BASIC and Pascal, are also third-generation languages, although each of these languages can be further subdivided into other categories based on other contemporary traits. Most 3GLs support structured programming. Many support object-oriented programming.
The functional languages community moved to standardize ML and Lisp. Research in Miranda, a functional language with lazy evaluation, began to take hold in this decade. One important new trend in language design was an increased focus on programming for large-scale systems through the use of modules, or large-scale organizational units of code.
Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order. Any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.
none (unique language) 1943–45. Plankalkül (year of conceptualization) Konrad Zuse. none (unique language) 1943–46. ENIAC coding system. John von Neumann, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert and Herman Goldstine after Alan Turing. The first programmers of ENIAC were Kay McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Meltzer, Fran Bilas, and ...
List of programming languages. This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such ...
The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century, named after researcher James Flynn (1934–2020). [1] [2] When intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are initially standardized using a sample of test-takers, by ...
BASIC ( Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) [1] is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College in 1963. They wanted to enable students in non-scientific fields to use computers.
Java. C/C++. PHP. Objective-C. C#. Swift. JSON (which isn’t … really a programming language, but is on their list for some reason, so I’m including #11 too) Ruby. HTML/CSS and Javascript ...