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e. Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [1]
The basic working principle of an air-operated double diaphragm pump. Cross-section sketch of diaphragm fuel pump Air-operated double diaphragm pump. A diaphragm pump (also known as a Membrane pump) is a positive displacement pump that uses a combination of the reciprocating action of a rubber, thermoplastic or teflon diaphragm and suitable valves on either side of the diaphragm (check valve ...
A packaged terminal air conditioner ( PTAC) is a type of self-contained heating and air conditioning system intended to be mounted through a wall. [1] The first practical semi-portable air conditioning unit invented by engineers at Chrysler Motors. It entered the market in 1935, and was designed to fit under a window like many modern PTACs. [2]
Vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. Figure 1 depicts a typical, single-stage vapor-compression system. All such systems have four components: a compressor, a condenser, a metering device or thermal expansion ...
e. A heat pump is a device that consumes work (or electricity) to transfer heat from a cold heat sink to a hot heat sink. Specifically, the heat pump transfers thermal energy using a refrigeration cycle, cooling the cool space and warming the warm space. [ 1] In cold weather, a heat pump can move heat from the cool outdoors to warm a house (e.g ...
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils) into gasoline, alkene gases, and other petroleum products. [1] [2] [3] The cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking, now ...
A heat pump in combination with heat and cold storage. A ground source heat pump (also geothermal heat pump) is a heating/cooling system for buildings that use a type of heat pump to transfer heat to or from the ground, taking advantage of the relative constancy of temperatures of the earth through the seasons.
A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. [ 1][ 2] It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes ...