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The Bismarck model (also referred as "Social Health Insurance Model") is a health care system in which people pay a fee to a fund that in turn pays health care activities, that can be provided by State-owned institutions, other Government body-owned institutions, or a private institution. [ 1] The first Bismarck model was instituted by Otto von ...
Protection motivation theory ( PMT) was originally created to help understand individual human responses to fear appeals. Protection motivation theory proposes that people protect themselves based on two factors: threat appraisal and coping appraisal. Threat appraisal assesses the severity of the situation and examines how serious the situation ...
The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management. It likens human systems to multiple slices of Swiss cheese, which has randomly placed and sized holes in each slice, stacked side by side, in which the risk of a threat becoming a reality is mitigated by the differing layers and types of defenses ...
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [ 1] Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human ...
Health policy and management. Health policy and management is the field relating to leadership, management, and administration of public health systems, health care systems, hospitals, and hospital networks. Health care administrators are considered health care professionals.
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
Investment in health takes the form of medical care purchases and other inputs and depreciation is interpreted as natural deterioration of health over time. [2] In the model, health enters the utility function directly as a good people derive pleasure from and indirectly as an investment which makes more healthy time available for market and ...
Social security is one such example. Moreover, economists have argued that universalism is an investment in human capital that aids the development of a nation as a whole. [ 21 ] The World Bank 's 2019 World Development Report The Changing Nature of Work [ 22 ] considers social protection from this perspective, describing existing schemes ...