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Williams syndrome ( WS ), also Williams–Beuren syndrome ( WBS ), is a genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body. [ 2] Facial features frequently include a broad forehead, underdeveloped chin, short nose, and full cheeks. [ 2] Mild to moderate intellectual disability is observed in people with WS, with particular challenges with ...
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), [13] myocardial ischemia, [14] or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. [5] [6] [15] It is the most common of the cardiovascular ...
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a type of non- ischemic cardiomyopathy in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of the muscular portion of the heart. [ 4] It usually appears after a significant stressor, either physical or emotional; when caused by the latter, the condition is ...
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection ( SCAD) is an uncommon but potentially lethal condition in which one of the coronary arteries that supply the heart, spontaneously develops a blood collection, or hematoma, within the artery wall due to a tear in the wall. SCAD is one of the arterial dissections that can occur.
DiGeorge syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a syndrome caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22. [ 7] While the symptoms can vary, they often include congenital heart problems, specific facial features, frequent infections, developmental disability, intellectual disability and cleft palate. [ 7]
CHARGE syndrome (formerly known as CHARGE association) is a rare syndrome caused by a genetic disorder.First described in 1979, the acronym "CHARGE" came into use for newborn children with the congenital features of coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the nasal choanae, restricted growth or development, genital or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness. [1]
Cardiology. A premature ventricular contraction ( PVC) is a common event where the heartbeat is initiated by Purkinje fibers in the ventricles rather than by the sinoatrial node. PVCs may cause no symptoms or may be perceived as a "skipped beat" or felt as palpitations in the chest. PVCs do not usually pose any danger.
Up to 1 in 200 people [ 8] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM, or HOCM when obstructive) is a condition in which muscle tissues of the heart become thickened without an obvious cause. [ 8] The parts of the heart most commonly affected are the interventricular septum and the ventricles. [ 10]