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Language transfer is the application of linguistic features from one language to another by a bilingual or multilingual speaker. Language transfer may occur across both languages in the acquisition of a simultaneous bilingual, from a mature speaker's first language (L1) to a second language (L2) they are acquiring, or from an L2 back to the L1. [1]
This influence is known as language transfer. [note 3] Language transfer is a complex phenomenon resulting from the interaction between learners’ prior linguistic knowledge, the target-language input they encounter, and their cognitive processes. [43] Language transfer is not always from the learner’s native language; it can also be from a ...
Language shift. Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time. Often, languages that are perceived to be higher-status stabilise or spread at the expense of other languages that ...
t. e. Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language. In other words, it is how human beings gain the ability to be aware of language, to understand it, and to produce and use words and sentences to communicate. Language acquisition involves structures, rules, and representation.
Code-switching is different from plurilingualism in that plurilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to use multiple languages, [1] while code-switching is the act of using multiple languages together. Multilinguals (speakers of more than one language) sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other.
An interlanguage is an idiolect which has been developed by a learner of a second language (L2) which preserves some features of their first language (L1) and can overgeneralize some L2 writing and speaking rules. These two characteristics give an interlanguage its unique linguistic organization. It is idiosyncratically based on the learner's ...
Larry Selinker is professor emeritus of linguistics at the University of Michigan and former director of the university's English Language Institute. [1] In 1972, Selinker introduced the concept of interlanguage, which built upon Pit Corder 's previous work on the nature of language learners' errors. Corder's and Selinker's work became the ...
Language contact. Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other. The study of language contact is called contact linguistics. Language contact can occur at language borders, [1] between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as ...
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