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Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a public key and a corresponding private key. [1] [2] Key pairs are generated with cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions. Security of public-key ...
A public key infrastructure ( PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. The purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e ...
One-time pad. A format of one-time pad used by the U.S. National Security Agency, code named DIANA. The table on the right is an aid for converting between plaintext and ciphertext using the characters at left as the key. In cryptography, the one-time pad ( OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked, but requires the use of a single ...
With Diffie-Hellman key exchange, two parties arrive at a common secret key, without passing the common secret key across the public channel. Diffie–Hellman (DH) key exchange [nb 1] is a mathematical method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.
Elliptic-curve Diffie–Hellman ( ECDH) is a key agreement protocol that allows two parties, each having an elliptic-curve public–private key pair, to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel. [1] [2] [3] This shared secret may be directly used as a key, or to derive another key. The key, or the derived key, can then be used to ...
Failure mode and effects analysis. Failure mode and effects analysis ( FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects. For each component, the failure modes and their resulting ...
The input–process–output model. The input–process–output (IPO) model, or input-process-output pattern, is a widely used approach in systems analysis and software engineering for describing the structure of an information processing program or other process. Many introductory programming and systems analysis texts introduce this as the ...
Powder metallurgy. Compaction plus sintering. Hot isostatic pressing. Metal injection moulding. Spray forming. Plastics (see also Rapid prototyping ) Injection. Compression molding. Transfer.