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Python supports most object oriented programming (OOP) techniques. It allows polymorphism, not only within a class hierarchy but also by duck typing. Any object can be used for any type, and it will work so long as it has the proper methods and attributes. And everything in Python is an object, including classes, functions, numbers and modules.
Tuple. In mathematics, a tuple is a finite sequence or ordered list of numbers or, more generally, mathematical objects, which are called the elements of the tuple. An n-tuple is a tuple of n elements, where n is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, called the empty tuple. A 1-tuple and a 2-tuple are commonly called a singleton ...
Methods on objects are functions attached to the object's class; the syntax instance. method (argument) is, for normal methods and functions, syntactic sugar for Class. method (instance, argument). Python methods have an explicit self parameter to access instance data , in contrast to the implicit self (or this ) in some other object-oriented ...
The distinction between the two is subtle: "higher-order" describes a mathematical concept of functions that operate on other functions, while "first-class" is a computer science term for programming language entities that have no restriction on their use (thus first-class functions can appear anywhere in the program that other first-class ...
Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named; String, a sequence of characters representing text; Union, a datum which may be one of a set of types; Tagged union (also called a variant, discriminated union or sum type), a union with a tag specifying which type the data is
In mathematics, an ordered pair ( a, b) is a pair of objects. The order in which the objects appear in the pair is significant: the ordered pair ( a, b) is different from the ordered pair ( b, a) unless a = b. (In contrast, the unordered pair { a, b } equals the unordered pair { b, a }.) Ordered pairs are also called 2-tuples, or sequences ...
The number of permutations of n distinct objects is n factorial, usually written as n!, which means the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. According to the second meaning, a permutation of a set S is defined as a bijection from S to itself.
The dict function provides a means of conveniently creating a .NET dictionary that is not intended to be mutated; it accepts a sequence of tuples and returns an immutable object that implements IDictionary<'TKey,'TValue>.