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  2. Machine code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code

    In computer programming, machine code is computer code consisting of machine language instructions, which are used to control a computer's central processing unit (CPU). Although decimal computers were once common, the contemporary marketplace is dominated by binary computers ; for those computers, machine code is "the binary representation of ...

  3. Operating system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

    An operating system ( OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs . Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and ...

  4. Kernel (operating system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)

    Kernel (operating system) The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system and generally has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel is also responsible for preventing and mitigating conflicts between different processes. [1] It is the portion of the operating system code that is always resident ...

  5. Microcode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcode

    t. e. In processor design, microcode serves as an intermediary layer situated between the central processing unit (CPU) hardware and the programmer-visible instruction set architecture of a computer, also known as its machine code. [1] [page needed] It consists of a set of hardware-level instructions that implement the higher-level machine code ...

  6. Computing platform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platform

    For example, in a single computer system, this would be the computer's architecture, operating system (OS), and runtime libraries. In the case of an application program or a computer video game , the most relevant layer is the operating system, so it can be called a platform itself (hence the term cross-platform for software that can be ...

  7. Computer programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming

    Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [1] [2] It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages. Programmers typically use high-level programming ...

  8. Process (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)

    Process (computing) In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are rooted in an operating system (OS) process which comprises the program code ...

  9. Native (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_(computing)

    Native (computing) In computing, native software or data-formats are those that were designed to run on a particular operating system. In a more technical sense, native code is code written specifically for a certain processor. [1] In contrast, cross-platform software can be run on multiple operating systems and/or computer architectures .