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Securities regulation in the United States is the field of U.S. law that covers transactions and other dealings with securities. The term is usually understood to include both federal and state-level regulation by governmental regulatory agencies, but sometimes may also encompass listing requirements of exchanges like the New York Stock ...
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government, created in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. [ 2][ 3][ 4] The primary purpose of the SEC is to enforce the law against market manipulation. [ 5][ 6]: 2. In addition to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which ...
Institutional theory. In sociology and organizational studies, institutional theory is a theory on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure. It considers the processes by which structures, including schemes, rules, norms, and routines, become established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior. [ 1]
In international relations (IR), constructivism is a social theory that asserts that significant aspects of international relations are shaped by ideational factors. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The most important ideational factors are those that are collectively held; these collectively held beliefs construct the interests and identities of actors. [ 1][ 3]
e. Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems [ 1] characterised by social ownership of the means of production, [ 2] as opposed to private ownership. [ 3][ 4][ 5] It describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. [ 6]
More extreme forms of the theory have developed in which the president’s wishes exceed the law. Former White House Counsel John Dean explains: "In its most extreme form, unitary executive theory can mean that neither Congress nor the federal courts can tell the President what to do or how to do it, particularly regarding national security ...
A prominent derivative of Marxian thought is critical international relations theory which is the application of "critical theory" to international relations. Early critical theorists were associated with the Frankfurt School , which followed Marx's concern with the conditions that allow for social change and the establishment of rational ...
A securities class action ( SCA ), or securities fraud class action, is a lawsuit filed by investors who bought or sold a company's publicly traded securities within a specific period of time (known as a “class period”) and suffered economic injury as a result of violations of the securities laws . In cases involving misleading statements ...