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Pipeline (Unix) A pipeline of three program processes run on a text terminal. In Unix-like computer operating systems, a pipeline is a mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing. A pipeline is a set of processes chained together by their standard streams, so that the output text of each process ( stdout) is passed directly ...
A grid computing system that connects many personal computers over the Internet via inter-process network communication. In computer science, inter-process communication ( IPC ), also spelled interprocess communication, are the mechanisms provided by an operating system for processes to manage shared data. Typically, applications can use IPC ...
Here document. In computing, a here document ( here-document, here-text, heredoc, hereis, here-string or here-script) is a file literal or input stream literal: it is a section of a source code file that is treated as if it were a separate file. The term is also used for a form of multiline string literals that use similar syntax, preserving ...
Command. xargs (short for "e x tended arg ument s " [1]) is a command on Unix and most Unix-like operating systems used to build and execute commands from standard input. It converts input from standard input into arguments to a command. Some commands such as grep and awk can take input either as command-line arguments or from the standard ...
epoll. epoll is a Linux kernel system call for a scalable I/O event notification mechanism, first introduced in version 2.5.45 of the Linux kernel. [ 1] Its function is to monitor multiple file descriptors to see whether I/O is possible on any of them. It is meant to replace the older POSIX select(2) and poll(2) system calls, to achieve better ...
fork (system call) In computing, particularly in the context of the Unix operating system and its workalikes, fork is an operation whereby a process creates a copy of itself. It is an interface which is required for compliance with the POSIX and Single UNIX Specification standards. It is usually implemented as a C standard library wrapper to ...
A good example for command piping is combining echo with another command to achieve something interactive in a non-interactive shell, e.g. echo-e 'user pass' | ftp localhost. This runs the ftp client with input user, press return, then pass. In casual use, the initial step of a pipeline is often cat or echo, reading from a file or string.
less is a terminal pager program on Unix, Windows, and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time. It is similar to more, but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file. Unlike most Unix text editors/viewers, less does not need to read the ...