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On April 5, 1879, a state of war was officially declared between Peru and Chile, starting military confrontations between both states. Due to Bolivia's loss of its Litoral Department by the occupying Chilean forces and consequent loss of access to the Pacific Ocean, [1] on March 26, 1879, Hilarión Daza formally offered letters of marque to any ships willing to fight for Bolivia. [2]
The Treaty of Defensive Alliance [A] was a secret defense pact between Bolivia and Peru. Signed in the Peruvian capital, Lima, on February 6, 1873, the document was composed of eleven central articles that outlined its necessity and stipulations and one additional article that ordered the treaty to be kept secret until both contracting parties ...
The War of the Pacific (Spanish: Guerra del Pacífico ), also known as the Nitrate War (Spanish: Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Chilean claims on coastal Bolivian territory in the Atacama Desert, the war ended with victory for Chile ...
The Spanish magazine La Ilustración Española y Americana published on 15 June 1879 an image (of April 1879) of Chileans waiting at the port of Iquique for ships to return home. The Expulsion of Chileans from Bolivia and Peru in 1879 was an ethnic cleansing ordered by of the governments of Bolivia (on 1 March 1879) and Peru (on 15 April 1879).
The Treaty of Ancón was a peace treaty signed by Chile and Peru on 20 October 1883, in Ancón, near Lima. It was intended to settle the two nations' remaining territorial differences at the conclusion of their involvement in the War of the Pacific and to stabilise post-bellum relations between them. Under the treaty's terms, Chile gained ...
The resistance was the joint formation of Peruvian montonera forces and troops of the Peruvian Army at the service of Nicolás de Piérola, Andrés Avelino Cáceres and Justiniano Borgoño Castañeda. Miguel Iglesias and his army, as well as the occupation forces of Patricio Lynch and the Chilean Army and Navy in general were the resistance's ...
The Lima campaign is the third land campaign of the War of the Pacific, carried out by Chile between December 1880 and January 1881. The campaign ended with the Chilean occupation of the Peruvian capital and the establishment of the Chilean authority in it and other surrounding territories, which would extend until 1883, with the end of the war.
Long Live Chile! The crews of Esmeralda and Covadonga, led by Commander Condell, were instructed to strengthen their positions. A bugler sounded the call to stations, and the Chilean crew took their assigned posts. The battle commenced as Huáscar fired its first shot, causing an explosion and a plume of water and foam on the two ships.