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A programming language's surface form is known as its syntax. Most programming languages are purely textual; they use sequences of text including words, numbers, and punctuation, much like written natural languages. On the other hand, some programming languages are graphical, using visual relationships between symbols to specify a program.
Design philosophy and features. Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented programming and structured programming are fully supported, and many of their features support functional programming and aspect-oriented programming (including metaprogramming [70] and metaobjects ). [71] Many other paradigms are supported via ...
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game site warns against over-generalizing from benchmark data, but contains a large number of micro-benchmarks of reader-contributed code snippets, with an interface that generates various charts and tables comparing specific programming languages and types of tests.
List of programming languages. This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such ...
Guile. Emacs Lisp. JavaScript and some dialects, e.g., JScript. Lua (embedded in many games) OpenCL (extension of C and C++ to use the GPU and parallel extensions of the CPU) OptimJ (extension of Java with language support for writing optimization models and powerful abstractions for bulk data processing) Perl.
FORTH, the earliest concatenative programming language was designed by Charles Moore in 1969 as a personal development system while at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). C, an early systems programming language, was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson at Bell Labs between 1969 and 1973.
JavaScript. JavaScript ( / ˈdʒɑːvəskrɪpt / ), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS. 99% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior. [ 10] Web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine that executes the client code.
In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. [25] New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for ...