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Dopaminergic pathways ( dopamine pathways, dopaminergic projections) in the human brain are involved in both physiological and behavioral processes including movement, cognition, executive functions, reward, motivation, and neuroendocrine control. [ 1] Each pathway is a set of projection neurons, consisting of individual dopaminergic neurons.
Dopaminergic neurons (dopamine-producing nerve cells) are comparatively few in number—a total of around 400,000 in the human brain [40] —and their cell bodies are confined in groups to a few relatively small brain areas. [41] However their axons project to many other brain areas, and they exert powerful effects on their targets. [41]
Dopaminergic cell groups, DA cell groups, or dopaminergic nuclei are collections of neurons in the central nervous system that synthesize the neurotransmitter dopamine. [1] In the 1960s, dopaminergic neurons or dopamine neurons were first identified and named by Annica Dahlström and Kjell Fuxe , who used histochemical fluorescence . [ 2 ]
Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine " (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter. [ 1] Dopaminergic substances or actions increase dopamine-related activity in the brain. Dopaminergic brain pathways facilitate dopamine-related activity. For example, certain proteins such as the dopamine transporter (DAT ...
The nigrostriatal pathway is a bilateral dopaminergic pathway in the brain that connects the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in the midbrain with the dorsal striatum (i.e., the caudate nucleus and putamen) in the forebrain. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain, and is critical in the production of movement as part of ...
The mesolimbic pathway is a collection of dopaminergic (i.e., dopamine -releasing) neurons that project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral striatum, which includes the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and olfactory tubercle. [ 9] It is one of the component pathways of the medial forebrain bundle, which is a set of neural pathways that ...
Dopaminergic neurons—dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that acts on D1 type (D1 and D5) Gs-coupled receptors, which increase cAMP and PKA, and D2 type (D2, D3, and D4) receptors, which activate Gi-coupled receptors that decrease cAMP and PKA. Dopamine is connected to mood and behavior and modulates both pre- and post-synaptic ...
“Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in [Parkinson’s disease], leading to the progressive nature of the disease. By targeting oxidative ...