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The ICD-10 equivalents also became part of its definition of autism spectrum disorder, as of the ICD-11. PDD-NOS included atypical autism, a diagnosis defined in the ICD-10 for the case that the criteria for autistic disorder were not met because of late age of onset, or atypical symptomatology, or both of these. [5] Even though PDD-NOS was ...
Diagnosis of autism. The diagnosis of autism is based on a person's reported and directly observed behavior. [1] There are no known biomarkers for autism spectrum conditions that allow for a conclusive diagnosis. [2] In most cases, diagnostic criteria codified in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or ...
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [ 6 ] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia , globus pharyngis , and ...
A 2003 review of epidemiological studies of children found autism rates ranging from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000, with the ratio of autism to Asperger syndrome ranging from 1.5:1 to 16:1; [145] combining the geometric mean ratio of 5:1 with a conservative prevalence estimate for autism of 1.3 per 1,000 suggests indirectly that the prevalence of AS ...
5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region) is a degenerate repeat (redundancy in the genetic code) polymorphic region in SLC6A4, the gene that codes for the serotonin transporter. Since the polymorphism was identified in the middle of the 1990s, [1] [2] it has been extensively investigated, e.g., in connection with neuropsychiatric ...
The diagnostic category pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ), as opposed to specific developmental disorders (SDD), was a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication. It was defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM ...
Rumination syndrome, or merycism, is a chronic motility disorder characterized by effortless regurgitation of most meals following consumption, due to the involuntary contraction of the muscles around the abdomen. [ 1] There is no retching, nausea, heartburn, odour, or abdominal pain associated with the regurgitation as there is with typical ...
One in 100 people (1%) worldwide [ 9] Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder[ a] ( ASD) or autism spectrum condition ( ASC ), [ 10] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of deficient reciprocal social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of behavior that are impairing in ...